Effective constituents of essential oil from Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis and anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury mechanism: based on GC-MS, network pharmacology, and experimental verification / 中国中药杂志

Based on GC-MS and network pharmacology, the active constituents, potential targets, and mechanism of essential oil from Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis(EOGFA) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury were explored, and the effective constituents were verified by experiment. To be specific, GC-MS was used identify the constituents of the volatile oil. Secondly, the targets of the constituents and disease were predicted by network pharmacology, and the drug-constituent-target network was constructed, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the core targets. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding affinity between the active constituents and the targets. Finally, SD rats were used for experimental verification. The I/R injury model was established, and the neurological behavior score, infarct volume, and pathological morphology of brain tissue were measured in each group. The content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) by Western blot. A total of 22 active constituents and 17 core targets were screened out. The core targets were involved in 56 GO terms and the major KEGG pathways of TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active constituents had high affinity to the targets. The results of animal experiment suggested that EOGFA can alleviate the neurological impairment, decrease the cerebral infarct volume and the content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulate the expression of VEGF. The experiment verified the part results of network pharmacology. This study reflects the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of EOGFA. The mechanism of its active constituents is related to TNF and VEGF pathways, which provides a new direction for in-depth research on and secondary development of Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.

The mechanism of cilostazole alleviating intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the effect of cilostazol on intestinal barrier function in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). 【Methods】 The GSE142153 dataset was downloaded from GEO database to analyze gene changes in diabetic patients. Eight-week-old male db/db mice and control m/m mice were randomly divided into m/m+cmc, m/m+cilo, db/db+cmc, and db/db+cilo groups. Mice in different groups were given cilostazol and corresponding solvents for 4 weeks. We detected the levels of serum sCD40L and the expression of CD40 in intestinal tissue, and evaluated the mice’s intestinal barrier function by examining intestinal permeability, water content, bacterial number, and tight junction protein expression in different groups. 【Results】 Differential expressed genes were enriched in platelet activation and endothelial barrier function pathways in diabetic patients. Compared with those in the control group, the levels of serum sCD40L in db/db diabetic mice elevated significantly, and the CD40 expression, permeability, water content and bacterial number in intestinal tissue increased obviously, while the expression of tight junction protein decreased. Cilostazol treatment in diabetic mice decreased the levels of serum sCD40L and CD40, and alleviated significantly the intestinal barrier dysfunction. 【Conclusion】 Cilostazol attenuated the damage of intestinal barrier function in T2DM, and its protective effect may be related to the inhibition of platelet activation in diabetic mice.

KHK involved in intestinal barrier impairment by high-fat and high-fructose diet / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the effect of high-fat and high-fructose diet on mouse intestinal barrier function, as well as the role of ketohexokinase (KHK), the key enzyme in fructose metabolism, in intestinal barrier impairment. 【Methods】 Eight-week-old male control C57BL/6J mice and Khk-/- mice were randomly divided into control + normal diet (ND), control + high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD), Khk-/-+ normal diet (ND+Khk-/-), and Khk-/-+ high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD+Khk-/-) groups, with eight mice in each group. During the high-fat and high-fructose diet and normal diet, the body weight changes of mice in different groups were recorded. After the intervention, the blood glucose and insulin levels of mice in each group were detected. The intestinal barrier function and inflammation level of mice were evaluated by detecting intestinal water content, permeability, tight junction protein expression, serum and intestinal inflammatory factor levels. 【Results】 Compared with ND group, HFHFD group significantly increased the body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels of mice, increased the intestinal water content and permeability, decreased the expression of tight junction proteins, and increased inflammatory factors of the serum and intestines. In the two groups fed with high-fat and high-fructose diet, the body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels of the HFHFD+Khk-/- group were significantly lower than those of HFHFD group, and the intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation were significantly improved. 【Conclusion】 KHK, a key enzyme in fructose metabolism, is involved in the impairment of intestinal barrier caused by high-fat and high-fructose diet. Knockout of Khk gene significantly improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and the inflammation level.

PRE-084 ameliorated learning and memory impairment in T1DM via regulating neuronal MAM / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 Diabetic mice could show learning and memory dysfunction, and we aimed to investigate the effect of Sigma-1 receptor agonist, PRE-084, on neurons and cognitive impairment in mice with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). 【Methods】 Twenty mice with T1DM induced by streptozocin, aged 8-10 weeks, and 20 control mice (CON) were randomly divided into four groups (CON+Vehicle, CON+PRE-084, T1DM+Vehicle and T1DM+PRE-084). Mouse primary neurons were cultured in high glucose medium with PRE-084 and control solvent, respectively. The body weight, food and water intake, and fasting blood glucose level of mice in each group were detected and recorded. The learning and memory abilities of mice were detected by new object recognition experiment. The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) structure of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area of mice was detected by transmission electron microscope. And the expression levels of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hippocampus of mice were detected by biochemical kit. Cell viability and ROS level of primary neurons were detected by CCK8 and cellular ROS kit. 【Results】 PRE-084 reduced the increase of body weight, food and water intake, and blood glucose caused by diabetes. PRE-084 significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairment of the mice with T1DM, improved the changes of MAM structure in neurons of hippocampal CA1 area of diabetic mice, increased the level of ATP in hippocampus of diabetic mice, and decreased the increase of ROS expression in diabetic hippocampus and neurons under high glucose conditions. 【Conclusion】 Sigma-1 receptor agonist, PRE-084, could improve learning and memory impairment in the mice with T1DM, which might be related to the structural changes of MAM, the increase of ATP production, and the decrease of ROS production in hippocampal neurons.

Application of ARIMA model in predicting pediatric red blood cell usage / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the feasibility of using autoregressive moving average model (ARIMA) to predict the dosage of suspended red blood cells in children, and to provide a basis for the development of clinical blood reserve plans in children's hospitals. 【Methods】 ARIMA model was constructed using the total blood consumption of clinical suspended red blood cells from March 2016 to May 2022 at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University as the data source by SPSS26.0 software. The optimal model was used to predict the clinical suspended red blood cell consumption from June to October 2022, and the predictive effect of the model was tested. 【Results】 ARIMA(0, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1)12 was the optimal model for predicting the consumption of suspended red blood cells in pediatrics. The autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation function of the residual sequence basically fell within the 95% confidence interval. At the same time, Ljung-Box Q statistical results showed that there was no correlation between the residual (P>0.05), indicating that the residual was white noise, which met the randomicity hypothesis. The average relative error between the predicted values of the model and the actual clinical red blood cell usage from June to October 2022 was 5%, indicating high prediction accuracy. 【Conclusion】 The blood usage of children has obvious seasonal and periodic patterns, and the optimal model ARIMA (0, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1)12 can better fit the trend of changes in pediatric suspended red blood cell usage, thus providing a basis for the development of clinical blood reserve plans in children's hospitals.

Protective effect of Yougui Yin on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Yougui Yin on steroid-induced femoral head necrosis in rats and the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, high-dose group (26.4 g/kg), medium-dose group (13.2 g/kg) and low-dose group (6.6 g/kg) of Yougui Yin, with 10 rats in each group. Except the normal group, the other groups were prepared with SANFH model by combining LPS and methylprednisolone injection. The treatment groups were intragastrically administered with Yougui Yin, once a day for 8 weeks. After the final administration, the serum calcium and phosphorus levels of rats in each group were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The femoral head specimens of rats in each group were detected by MRI, and the pathological changes of the femoral head were observed by HE staining. The expressions of caspase-3, β-catenin and Wnt3α mRNA in the femoral head of rats were detected by RT-PCR.Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus in the medium and high dose groups were increased significantly ( P<0.05, P<0.01), and the level of serum phosphorus in the low dose group was increased significantly ( P<0.05); In the medium and high dose groups, the femoral empty bone lacuna rate was decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); The expression of caspase-3 mRNA (2.146±0.191, 1.688±0.247, 1.370±0.252 vs. 2.535±0.236) in the low, medium and high dose groups were decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01), and the expression of β-catenin mRNA (0.433±0.102, 0.496±0.091, 0.698±0.089 vs. 0.259±0.106) were increased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); The expression of Wnt3α mRNA (0.509±0.061, 0.833±0.053 vs. 0.384±0.052) in the medium and high dose groups were increased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); In the medium and high dose groups, MRI showed higher T2 signals around the joint, and high T2 signals within the joint, which were clearly distinguished from the femoral head cartilage, and there was no obvious abnormal signal within the femoral head. HE staining in the Yougui Yin medium and high dose groups showed that trabecular bone was coarse and arranged regularly, most of the bone cells were normal, and empty bone lacunae were less. Conclusion:The protective effect of Yougui Yin on SANFH rats may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Pediatric SMARCB1/INI1-deficient poorly differentiated chordoma of the skull base: report of five cases and review of literature / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of pediatric SMARCB1/INI1-deficient poorly differentiated chordoma (PDC) of the skull base. Methods: Five cases of SMARCB1/INI1-deficient PDC were identified in 139 cases of chordoma diagnosed in Sanbo Brain Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China from March 2017 to March 2021. The clinical and imaging data of the 5 PDCs were collected. H&E and immunohistochemical staining, and DNA methylation array were used, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results: All 5 PDCs were located at the clivus. The average age of the patients was 6.4 years, ranging from 3 to 16 years. Three patients were female and two were male. Morphologically, in contrast with classical chordomas, they presented as epithelioid or spindle tumor cells organized in sheets or nests, with necrosis, active mitoses, and infiltration into surrounding tissue. All cases showed positivity of CKpan, EMA, vimentin and brachyury (nuclear stain), and loss of nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 expression. S-100 protein expression was not frequent (2/5). Ki-67 proliferative index was high (20%-50%). All cases had over-expressed p53. It was necessary to differentiate SMARCB1/INI1-dificient PDC from SMARCB1/INI1-dificient tumors occurring at skull base of children or the tumors with epithelial and spindle cell morphological features. The 3 PDCs with DNA methylation testing showed the methylation profiles different from the pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. They formed an independent methylation profile cluster. The clinical prognosis of the 5 patients was poor, and the overall survival time was 2-17 months. Conclusions: PDC is a special subtype of chordoma, which often affects children and occurs in the clivus. The PDC shares epithelioid or spindle cell morphologic features which are different from the classic chordoma. Besides the typical immunohistochemical profile of chordoma, PDC also has loss of nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 expression and distinct epigenetic characteristics.

Rethinking the marketing strategy of anti-tumor drugs by single-arm trials supported / 中华肿瘤杂志

Single-arm trial refers to a clinical trial design that does not set up parallel control group, adopts open design, and does not involve randomization and blind method. These features, on the one hand, speed up the process of clinical trials, significantly shorten the time to market and meet the needs of patients with advanced malignancies, but also lead to the uncertainty of single-arm clinical trials themselves. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration held a meeting of the oncologic drug advisory committee to discuss six tumor indications that have been accelerated approved, which once again triggered the discussion of single-arm trials. The basis of accelerated approval by single-arm trial is actually a compromise on the level of evidence-based medical evidence requirements after assessing the benefit risk. Therefore, the sponsor should strictly grasp the applicable conditions of single-arm trial in anti-tumor drugs and conduct single-arm trial scientifically. Post-marketing clinical trial should be implement as early as possible to ensure the benefit of patients. Based on the characteristics of single-arm trial, combined with two guidance relevant to single-arm trial issued by National Medical Products Administration recently, this article is supposed to propose and summarize the strategy of single-arm trial supporting the marketing of anti-tumor drugs.

Protective effect and mechanism of saponins from Gleditsia sinensis on ischemic stroke with phlegm and blood stasis model rats / 中国药房

OB JECTIVE To study the protective effects of saponins from Gleditsia sinensis on ischemic stroke with phlegm and blood stasis （ISPBS）model rats ，and to explore its mechanism. METHODS Totally 119 rats were randomly divided into normal group （normal saline ），sham operation group （normal saline ），model group （normal saline ），nimodipine group （positive control group ，5 mg/kg），G. sinensis saponin low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （3.21，6.42 and 12.84 mg/kg），with 17 rats in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were all given high-fat diet+suture-occluded method to induce ISPBS model. The neurological function score ，water content of brain tissue ，pathological morphology of brain tissue ，the changes of hemorheology indexes （whole blood viscosity ， erythrocyte aggregation index ， Casson-viscosity）， four items of blood lipid [triacylglycerol （TG），total cholesterol （TC），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）] and inflammatory factors in serum and oxidative stress indexes [malondialdehyde （MDA），nitric oxide （NO），superoxide dismutase （SOD）] in brain tissue were determined or observed in rats. The protein expressions of B lymphocytoma 2（Bcl-2），Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）and caspase- 3 in cerebral tissue were also detected. RESULTS Compared with normal group ，the score of nerve function ，5 kinds of serum indexes （TC，TG，LDL-C，TNF-α，IL-1β）， hemorheology indexes ，the contents of MDA and NO and protein expressions of Bax and caspase- 3 in cerebral tissue were all increased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）. The levels of HDL-C and IL- 10 in serum ，SOD activity and protein expression of Bcl- 2 in cerebral tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.01），and obvious lesions such as nuclear pyknosis and cell membrane fragmentation occurred in brain tissue. Compared with model group ，above indexes of administration groups were improved to different extents ，among which there was statistical significance in above indexes of G. sinensis saponin high-dose group （P＜ 0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Saponin from G. sinensis has a good protective effect on ISPBS model rats. Its mechanism may beassociated with reducing oxidative damage ， reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and resisting neuronal apoptosis.

Design and Development of Cloud Platform of Emergency COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Detection / 中国医疗器械杂志

According to the characteristics of short time and large amount of samples for out of hospital emergency nucleic acid detection, this study introduces an out of hospital emergency nucleic acid detection cloud platform system, which realizes the functions of rapid identification of the detected person and one-to-one correspondence with the samples, and real-time upload of the detection results to Zhejiang Government service network for quick viewing and statistics, so as to complete the task of national nucleic acid screening efficiently and accurately that we must provide information support.

Construction and application of central monitoring system of hospital ward monitor / 中华医院管理杂志

The authors introduced the construction of the central monitoring system of bedside monitor in a hospital, and introduced its software and hardware design scheme and function in detail. The implementation of the system guaranteed the medical safety, reduced the workload of medical staff, improved the work efficiency, and had the characteristics of low cost and practicability.

Investigation on cognitive status of emergency nurses on intravenous infusion of high-alert drugs in maternal and child hospital / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To describe the status and influencing factors of emergency nurses′ high-alert drugs knowledge level in maternal and child hospital.Methods:Totally 171 nurses working in emergency department from 6 hospitals in Chengdu including West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu Women and Children Central Hospital, Chengdu Longquanyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu Chenghua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu Pengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected through convenient sampling to fill out the scale.Results:Nurses′ average score of high-alert drugs knowledge was 29.52±2.74. The accuracy of each item ranged from 22.2% to 100.0%. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that major influencing factors for their knowledge level included monthly income, length of service in the emergency department, professional title, the model explained 12.7% amount of variance ( R2 value was 0.127, P<0.01). Conclusions:Emergency department nurses in maternal and child hospitals have insufficient awareness of intravenous infusion of high-alert drugs, and they have a high demand for knowledge. In order to ensure the safety of clinical drug use, it is urgent to formulate targeted training programs to improve nurses' knowledge level of high-alert drugs.

Prevalence of stunting among students under the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students during 2012-2017 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of stunting among students received subsidies of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES) during 2012-2017.@*Methods@#By using the data from 2012-2017 NNIPRCES survey, students aged 6-15 with valid height records were included. Stunting was defined according to the Screening Criteria of Malnutrition for School Age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 456—2014). To explore the association of the risk of stunting between different regions, gender or age groups in rural students.@*Results@#The prevalence of stunting among students aged 6-15 who received subsidies of NNIPRCES during 2012-2017 were 8.0%, 7.9%, 6.9%, 6.5%, 6.0% and 5.3%, declined by 2.7, 1.8, 4.0 percentage points in average, as well as in central and western region, respectively. The prevalence of stunting declined with 2.7 percentage points for boys and ,2.9 percentage points for girls. The prevalence of stunting declined most at the age of 13, with 4.0 percentage points.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of stunting of students has declined after the implementation of NNIPRCES from 2012 to 2017. However, the total prevalence of stunting was still high and the development was unbalanced between central and western region, which requires more target intervening strategies to improve the nutritional status of students.

Chinese Medicine Shensong Yangxin Capsule () Ameliorates Myocardial Microcirculation Dysfunction in Rabbits with Chronic Myocardial Infarction / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Chinese compound Shensong Yangxin Capsule ( , SSYX) on myocardial microcirculation in myocardial-infarcted rabbits.@*METHODS@#Myocardial infarction (MI) was established in rabbits by ligation of the left circumflex coronary. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into the control group, the MI group (model), and the MI treated with SSYX group (MI+SSYX) by a random number table method. After 4 weeks of administration, low-energy real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) was conducted to assess the microcirculatory perfusion. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the capillary density. The endothelial ultrastructure was observed with a transmission electron microscope. The mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin 1 (ET-1), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The plasmic levels of ET-1, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), nitric oxide (NO) and von willebrand factor (vWF) were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#SSYX significantly improved the myocardial blood volume, myocardial micro bubble velocity, and myocardial inflow according to the examination of RT-MCE, and it visibly ameliorated the capillary endothelial structure. Furthermore, compared with the MI group, the plasma levels of TXA2, ET-1 and vWF contents significantly decreased in the MI+SSYX group, and the ET-1 mRNA expression levels of myocardium in the border zone significantly decreased, and the VEGF, PGI2 and eNOS mRNA expression levels significantly increased (all P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SSYX has favorable advantages in ameliorating the impaired myocardial microcirculation following MI. The mechanisms of the effect are related to the ability of SSYX in balancing the endothelial-derived vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, and up-regulating the expression of VEGF and eNOS.

In situ intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic study of metformin-resveratrol compound water-in-oil nanoemulsion / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the in situ intestinal absorption characteristics and pharmacokinetic behavior of metformin-resveratrol compound water-in-oil nanoemulsion (MRCE) in rats, the in situ intestinal perfusion model was constructed in rats to study the intestinal absorption characteristics of MRCE in different intestinal segments. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. After intragastric administration of metformin and MRCE, blood was taken at a preset time point. The content of metformin in intestinal perfusion samples and blood samples at various time points was determined by HPLC. Plasma concentration-time profiles of free metformin and MRCE were calculated, and the main pharmacokinetic data were processed and analyzed by DAS 2.1.1 software. The absorption rate constant (Ka), the effective permeability (Peff) and the percentage of absorption (PA) of MRCE in each intestinal segment were significantly higher than those of metformin (P < 0.05). The area under the drug-time curve (AUC0-72 h), the half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT0-72 h) of MRCE were 1.68, 11.25 and 6.97 times of metformin, respectively (P < 0.01).The relative bioavailability of MRCE was 167.6%. The 90% confidence interval of AUC0-72 h was 156.9%-187.4%, which was not within the standard interval of bioequivalence. The intestinal absorption of MRCE was significantly better than that of free metformin; MRCE improved the oral bioavailability of metformin and was not bioequivalent to metformin.

Down-regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit Involved in Mitochondria Fission/fusion Dynamics Imbalance and Functional Impairment Induced by Human tau / 中国医学科学院学报

To explore whether the downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit(PP2Ac)involved in the pathogenesis of mitochondria fission/fusion dynamics and functional imbalance induced by human tau accumulation. After cotransfection with mito-dsRed plasmids and pIRES-eGFP-tau40 plasmids 48 hours,the rat primary hippocampal neurons were observed with a laser scanning confocal microscope for their changes in shape and distribution of mitochondria.The expressions of mitochondria fission/fusion protein and PP2Ac and PP2Ab were detected by Western blotting.Furthermore,the shape and distribution of mitochondria of rat primary hippocampal neuron and wild type 293wt cells were assayed 48 hours after co-transfection with siPP2Ac-EGFP plasmids and mito-DsRed plasmids,and the fission/fusion dynamics of 293wt cells was captured with live cell time-lapse imaging after co-transfection with siPP2Ac plasmids and mito-Dendra2 plasmids.After transfection with siPP2Ac plasmids,the relative level of mitochondria fission/fusion protein of 293wt cells was assayed by Western blotting,and mitochondria membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining,and the cellular viability was measured by CCK8 assay.Finally,the shape and distribution and membrane potential of mitochondria of HEK293 cells with stable transfection of htau40(293htau)were detected after co-transfection with PP2Ac and mito-dsRed plasmids. Human tau40 expression decreased distribution of mitochondria and significantly lowered PP2Ac level in primary hippocampal neuron(=4.814, =0.0086).Down-regulation of PP2Ac caused mitochondria elongation and perinuclear accumulation in primary hippocampal neuron and 293wt cells;in addition,down-regulation of PP2Ac in 293wt cells significantly increased mitochondria fusion rate(=2.857, =0.0074)and the levels of mitochondria fusion protein mitofusin(MFN)1(=6.768, =0.0025),MFN2(=3.121, =0.0035),and optic atrophy 1(=3.775, =0.0199);however,the levels of dynamin-like protein-1 and Fis1 remained unchanged.The down-regulation of PP2Ac in 293wt cells led to the significant decrease in mitochondria membrane potential(=2.300, =0.0270)and cell viability(=6.249, <0.0001).Finally,up-regulation of PP2Ac attenuated the abnormalities in the shape,distribution and function of mitochondria in the 293htau cells. Down-regulation of PP2Ac is involved in the abnormal shape and distribution of mitochondria and its dysfunction induced by human tau40 in rat primary hippocampal neurons and HEK293 cells.

Preliminary observation of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy young people / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To introduce the method of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (GVS-VEMP) as well as to observe and analyze the parameters and elicited rate of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in healthy young people in China.@*Methods@#Twenty six normal young subjects were recruited for conventional examinations of GVS-VEMP. The subjects were 21-37 years old, average age was (25.8±3.7) years old, including 13 males and 13 females. The galvanic stimulation intensity of 3 mA/1 ms was used to evoke cVEMP and oVEMP on the sternocleidomastoid and inferior extraocular muscles respectively, and the intensity of stimulus was decreased until the response disappeared, the threshold, latency, amplitude, interval phase and interaural amplitude ratio(IAR) were calculated. SPSS18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#All subjects were elicited normal GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP under 3 mA/1 ms, the elicited rate was 100%. The threshold of GVS-cVEMP was (1.18±0.47) mA, p1 latency was (10.43±1.54) ms, n1 latency was (17.91±1.20) ms, the amplitude was (102.47±56.77) uV and IAR was (0.26±0.20). The threshold of GVS-oVEMP was (1.12±0.50) mA, n1 latency was (8.46±1.05) ms, p1 latency was (11.83±1.27) ms, the amplitude was (9.12±6.82) uV and IAR was (0.25±0.20). In terms of gender and lateral comparison, only the GVS-oVEMP amplitude was higher for male than for female, which had significant statistical difference (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the other parameters between GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.@*Conclusion@#GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be elicited in healthy youth population, and the parameters could provide reference for subsequent vestibular function evaluation.

Effect of ureaplasma urealyticum infection on sperm quality and sperm cytokine concentration / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the effects of ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) infection on male sperm quality, nitric oxide(NO) concentration and cytokine interleukin (IL)-17, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) concentrations, the mechanism of its action in male infertility was analyzed at the molecular level.@*Methods@#From September 2015 to December 2017, 53 male infertility patients who admitted in the outpatient clinic of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang were selected.According to whether the patients were infected Uu, they were divided into two groups: male infertility without Uu infection group (B group) and male infertility with Uu infection group (C group, Uu≥107CCU/L). The content of NO in seminal plasma was determined by nitrate reductase method.The contents of cytokines IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α were detected by flow cytometry microsphere capture chip technique (CBA), and the spermate-related parameters were analyzed in conjunction with the computer-aided semen analysis system(CASA).@*Results@#The concentration of NO in the male infertility group with Uu infection group[(145.98±32.28)μmol/L] was significantly higher than that in the male infertility without Uu infection group [(60.93±16.62)μmol/L] and the control group [(35.92±1.73)μmol/L](F=200.987, P<0.01). The semen pH(6.09±0.14), sperm concentration [(26.64±8.34)×106/mL], and forward movement rate(a+ b) [(21.46±6.88)%], sperm survival rate [(28.92±9.17)%] and sperm morphology normal rate [(10.12±4.97)%] in the male infertility group with Uu infection were significantly lower than those in the male infertility without Uu infection group and the control group(all P<0.01). And the concentration of NO in the semen of males waspositively correlated with the concentrations of IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α(R2=0.916 8, 0.863 0, 0.878 9, all P<0.01). The concentrations of IL-17 and IL-18 were positively correlated(R2=0.934 4, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Uu infection in infertility patients can cause high NO concentration.The levels of cytokines IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α are positively correlated with the concentration of NO.The imbalance of various cytokines may be one of the causes of male infertility.

Selective impairment of musical emotion recognition in patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment and mild to moderate Alzheimer disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have deficits in emotion recognition. However, it has not yet been determined whether patients with AD and aMCI also experience difficulty in recognizing the emotions conveyed by music. This study was conducted to investigate whether musical emotion recognition is impaired or retained in patients with AD and aMCI.@*Methods@#All patients were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between March 1, 2015 and January 31, 2017. Using the musical emotion recognition test, patients with AD (n = 16), patients with aMCI (n = 19), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 16) were required to choose one of four emotional labels (happy, sad, peaceful, and fearful) that matched each musical excerpt. Emotion recognition scores in three groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. We also investigated the relationship between the emotion recognition scores and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) using Pearson’s correlation analysis test in patients with AD and aMCI.@*Results@#Compared to the HC group, both of the patient groups showed deficits in the recognition of fearful musical emotions (HC: 7.88 ± 1.36; aMCI: 5.05 ± 2.34; AD: 3.69 ± 2.02), with results of a one-way ANOVA confirming a significant main effect of group (F(2,50) = 18.70, P < 0.001). No significant differences were present among the three groups for the happy (F(2,50)=2.57, P = 0.09), peaceful (F(2,50) = 0.38, P = 0.09), or sad (F(2,50) = 2.50, P = 0.09) musical emotions. The recognition of fearful musical emotion was positively associated with general cognition, which was evaluated by MMSE in patients with AD and aMCI (r = 0.578, P < 0.001). The correlations between the MMSE scores and recognition of the remaining emotions were not significant (happy, r = 0.228, P= 0.11; peaceful, r= 0.047, P= 0.74; sad, r= 0.207, P= 0.15).@*Conclusion@#This study showed that both patients with AD and aMCI had decreased ability to distinguish fearful emotions, which might be correlated with diminished cognitive function.

Selective impairment of musical emotion recognition in patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment and mild to moderate Alzheimer disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have deficits in emotion recognition. However, it has not yet been determined whether patients with AD and aMCI also experience difficulty in recognizing the emotions conveyed by music. This study was conducted to investigate whether musical emotion recognition is impaired or retained in patients with AD and aMCI.@*METHODS@#All patients were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between March 1, 2015 and January 31, 2017. Using the musical emotion recognition test, patients with AD (n = 16), patients with aMCI (n = 19), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 16) were required to choose one of four emotional labels (happy, sad, peaceful, and fearful) that matched each musical excerpt. Emotion recognition scores in three groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. We also investigated the relationship between the emotion recognition scores and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) using Pearson's correlation analysis test in patients with AD and aMCI.@*RESULTS@#Compared to the HC group, both of the patient groups showed deficits in the recognition of fearful musical emotions (HC: 7.88 ± 1.36; aMCI: 5.05 ± 2.34; AD: 3.69 ± 2.02), with results of a one-way ANOVA confirming a significant main effect of group (F(2,50) = 18.70, P < 0.001). No significant differences were present among the three groups for the happy (F(2,50)=2.57, P = 0.09), peaceful (F(2,50) = 0.38, P = 0.09), or sad (F(2,50) = 2.50, P = 0.09) musical emotions. The recognition of fearful musical emotion was positively associated with general cognition, which was evaluated by MMSE in patients with AD and aMCI (r = 0.578, P < 0.001). The correlations between the MMSE scores and recognition of the remaining emotions were not significant (happy, r = 0.228, P = 0.11; peaceful, r = 0.047, P = 0.74; sad, r = 0.207, P = 0.15).@*CONCLUSION@#This study showed that both patients with AD and aMCI had decreased ability to distinguish fearful emotions, which might be correlated with diminished cognitive function.